Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is one of the very common sexually transmitted infections today and affects both men and women. It’s believed that about 79 million Americans are infected, and each year, another 14 million new cases are diagnosed. Despite its prevalence, there are still a lot of misconceptions and even a real lack of knowledge about HPV. Here are five things you probably didn’t know about HPV:.
1. HPV can cause more than just genital warts
First, it is essential to understand that HPV can cause more than just genital warts. Although certain strains of HPV can cause warts on the genitals, there are over 100 different types of HPV, and not all of them cause warts. In fact, only a few strains are responsible for causing warts, while others can lead to more serious health complications, such as cancer. HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer, accounting for over 90% of cases. It can also cause cancer in the anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and throat. These cancers often do not show symptoms until they have progressed to more advanced stages, making early detection and prevention crucial.
Regular screening is essential for detecting HPV-related cancers early, particularly cervical cancer. The Pap test, which involves collecting cells from the cervix to examine for abnormalities, is a standard screening tool for cervical cancer. The HPV test is another screening tool that can detect the presence of high-risk strains of HPV. Together, these tests can help doctors identify precancerous changes in the cervix and other HPV-related cancers early, allowing for more effective treatment and improved outcomes.
2. HPV is highly contagious
The second little-known fact about HPV is that it is highly contagious. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. However, the virus can also be spread through skin-to-skin contact, even if there are no visible warts. This means that condoms may not provide complete protection against HPV. It is also possible for someone to have HPV and not know it, as the virus may not show any symptoms for months or even years.
Prevention is crucial when it comes to HPV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all children aged 11 or 12 receive the HPV vaccine, which protects against the most common strains of the virus. The vaccine is also recommended for young adults who did not receive it as children, up to the age of 26. In addition to getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, such as using condoms, can help reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
3. HPV can affect both men and women
While HPV is often associated with cervical cancer, it can also affect men. In fact, HPV is responsible for most cases of anal cancer in men, and it can also cause penile cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Additionally, men can also experience symptoms of HPV, such as genital warts. However, unlike women, there is currently no routine screening for HPV in men, making it even more important for both men and women to practice safe sex and get vaccinated.
4. HPV can be prevented with a vaccine
HPV can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all boys and girls receive the HPV vaccine at age 11 or 12, before they become sexually active. The vaccine is also recommended for young adults up to age 26 who have not been previously vaccinated. The vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to the virus, which is why it is recommended at such a young age.
5. There is no cure for HPV, but treatments are available
Lastly, there is no cure for HPV, but treatments are available for the symptoms it causes. For genital warts, treatments include topical creams, freezing, or surgical removal. For HPV-related cancers, treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The best way to protect against HPV is to get vaccinated and practice safe sex. Regular screenings, such as Pap tests for women, can also help detect any abnormalities early on.
Although HPV is a common virus, many people are unaware of its potential health consequences. By increasing public awareness of the HPV vaccine and treatments for HPV-related symptoms, we can help prevent the spread of the virus and reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers.
This finally brings us to the conclusion that HPV is one ubiquitous and very contagious virus that has a propensity to cause a whole range of serious health complications, even cancer. Therefore, people need to be informed about HPV and the precautions that should be taken against it, including vaccination and following safe sex practices. While the infection has no cure, early detection and treatment may prevent serious health complications. Knowing these five things about HPV will help people practice how to safeguard their health and that of their partners.
