Human papillomavirus is the most common STI to be passed on through sexual contact between two individuals. More than 100 different kinds of HPV exist. Out of these, many are of low-risk types, not resulting in serious health problems, while some of these are of high risk and may lead to a form of cancer.
High-risk HPV is a term used to describe types of HPV that have been linked to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. These types of HPV can infect the cells of the body, causing them to grow and reproduce abnormally, potentially leading to cancer.
The most common types of cancer associated with high-risk HPV include cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers. While not all cases of these cancers are caused by high-risk HPV, it is estimated that around 5% of all cancers worldwide are caused by this infection.
One of the main ways that high-risk HPV is transmitted is through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It is important to note that HPV can also be passed through skin-to-skin contact, so using condoms may not always protect against the virus. Additionally, HPV can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.
The risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancer increases with the number of sexual partners a person has had and the earlier they engage in sexual activity. This is because the more sexual partners a person has had, the higher their chances of being exposed to HPV.
It is important to note that most people who are infected with high-risk HPV will not develop cancer. In fact, the immune system is usually able to clear the virus on its own within 1 to 2 years. However, for some people, the virus may persist, leading to an increased risk of developing cancer.
There are several factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancer.
Smoking:
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for high-risk HPV-related cancer. Smoking damages the cells in the body, making them more susceptible to HPV infection and the development of cancer. Smoking also weakens the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to clear the HPV infection. Studies have shown that smokers are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer as non-smokers.
Weakened Immune System:
A weakened immune system can also increase a person’s risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancer. Individuals with HIV/AIDS, those taking immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation, and those with other conditions that weaken the immune system are at a higher risk of developing HPV-related cancer. A weakened immune system makes it difficult for the body to clear the HPV infection, increasing the risk of cancer development.
Other STIs:
Having other STIs can also increase a person’s risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancer. This is because other STIs can damage the cells in the body, making them more susceptible to HPV infection and the development of cancer. Additionally, having multiple sexual partners can increase a person’s risk of contracting HPV and other STIs, further increasing their risk of developing cancer.
History of Abnormal Pap Smears:
Women with a history of abnormal Pap smears may also be at a higher risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancer. Abnormal Pap smears can indicate the presence of precancerous cells, which, if left untreated, can develop into cancer. Women with a history of abnormal Pap smears should undergo regular follow-up exams to monitor their condition and ensure that any precancerous cells are treated promptly.
HPV Vaccine:
While the HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing HPV infection and the development of high-risk HPV-related cancer, some studies have suggested that women who have received the vaccine may be at a slightly higher risk of developing cancer. This is because the vaccine only protects against certain strains of HPV, and women who have received the vaccine may be more likely to contract other strains of the virus. However, the benefits of the vaccine in preventing HPV infection and cancer far outweigh any potential risks.
The best way to prevent high-risk HPV is to get vaccinated. The HPV vaccine is recommended for both males and females between the ages of 9 and 26, as it can protect against the most common types of high-risk HPV that can lead to cancer. It is important to note that the vaccine is most effective when given before a person becomes sexually active.
Regular screening for cervical cancer is also important, as it can detect any abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix that may be caused by high-risk HPV. The Pap test, which involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope, is the most common screening method for cervical cancer.
If high-risk HPV is detected during a Pap test, further testing may be done, such as a colposcopy, which involves using a special magnifying instrument to examine the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, further treatment may be needed to prevent them from developing into cancer.
In addition to vaccination and screening, practicing safe sex by using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can also help reduce the risk of contracting high-risk HPV.
In conclusion, high-risk HPV could induce very critical health problems, such as cancer. Thus, one should understand the risks and take precautions to protect oneself. The precautions include vaccination, safe sex, and screening for cancer of the cervix regularly. Further, by understanding and preventing the infection with high-risk HPV, individuals will be able to reduce not only the risks of cancers related to this virus but also generally maintain good health and well-being.
